Modern India Important Years

Modern India Important Years

1498 17 May - Vasco da Gama ( Portuguese) reached Calicut1502 Vasco da Gama established Factory at Cochin1505 1st Portuguese Governor Fransisco Almeida1509 Governor Alfonso De Albuquerque1510 Albuquerque captured Goa from the Bijapur ruler1530 Nino-da-Cunha transferred Portuguese capital from Cochin to Goa1535 Portuguese acquired Diu mention the1559 Portuguese acquired Daman1599 English East India company was formed1600 Royal charter by Queen Elizabeth I to trade in the East1602 Dutch East India Company was formed1605 Dutch set-up first Factory at Masulipatnam1608-11 William Hawkins (English) stayed at Jahangir’s court1613 The Company (English) established permanent Factory at Surat, Thomas Roe had important role1616 Company (English) established Factory at Masulipatnam ( first in the south) ; Danish East IndiaCompany was formed1632 Portuguese lost Hooghly during the reign of Shah Jahan1661 Portuguese gave Bombay to Charles II as dowry1664 French East India company was formed1667 Aurangzeb gave the company (English) the Farman to trade in Bengal1690 English factory was set up at Sutanuti1696 Company (English) fortified the Calcutta factory into Fort William1717 John Surman (English) obtained farman for large concessions (Magna Carta) from Farruksiyar1717-27 Murshid quli Khan (1st Nawab) ruled Bengal1727-39 Shuja-ud-din Md Khan (son-in-law of Murshid Quli) ruled1739-40 Sarfaraz Khan1740-56 Alivardi Khan1756-57 Siraj ud-Daulah (G. son of Alivardi Khan); Black Hole Tragedy (Calcutta) -20 June 1756; Gotdefeated at Battle of Plassey (23 June 1757)1757-60 Mir Jafar (1st Nawab with support from the British East India Company); Robert Clive - firstGovernor of Bengal (1757-60 & again from 1765-67)1760-63 Mir Qasim ( Son-in-law of Mir Jafar)1764 22 October - Battle of Buxar - b/w British (led by Major Hector Munro) & triple alliance of Mir Qasimof Bengal, Shuja Ud daulah of Awadh & Mughal Shah Alam II1765 Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa & Treaty of Allahabad1769-72 Governor of Bengal John Cartier; 1772(22 May)- Ram Mohan Roy born at Radhanagore,Khanakul, Arambagh, WB1773-85 1st Governor General of Bengal Warren Hastings ; Regulating Act 1773- First Act of British Parliament to exercise indirect control who were the affairs of East India company's rule in India (abolished dual Govt.); Pits India Act 1784; 1st Maratha War 1775-82; Asiatic Society of Bengal 17841786-93 Governor General of Bengal Lord Cornwallis; Permanent Settlement 1793; Cornwallis Code 1793(separation of revenue admin and civil jurisdiction)1793-98 Governor General of Bengal Sir John Shore; Charter Act of 1793-expenses and salaries of theBoard of Control to be charged on Indian revenue

1798- 1805Governor General of Bengal Lord Wellesley; 4th Mysore War 1799 - Tipu died; Treaty of Bassein 1802


1805-07 Governor General of Bengal Sir George Barlow1807-13 Governor General of Bengal Lord Minto I; Treaty of Amritsar 1809 ( with Ranjit Singh)1813 Charter Act of 1813- Christian Missionaries permitted to enter India1813-23 Governor General of Bengal Lord Hastings; Ryotwari System 1820 - Thomas Munro, Madras;1815 - Atmiya Sabha started by Raja Ram Mohan Roy at Calcutta ; 20 January 1817 - Hindu College ( Presidency University) was founded at Calcutta by Raja Ram Mohan Roy; 1817-18- Bhil Revolt in Khandesh, Maharashtra; 1820- Wahabi movement by Titu Mir1823-28 Governor General of Bengal Lord Amherst; 1st Burmese War 1824-261828-35 1st Governor General of India Lord William Bentinck by Charter Act of 1833 (Act provided for thefirst time the appointment of Indians to Civil Services & beginning of a central legislature); Abolition of Sati 1829 ; Western Education 1835 ; 1828 - 1st Assembly of Brahmo Sabha by Raja Ram Mohan Roy at Calcutta ( later known as Brahmo Samaj); 1830- Ram Mohan Roy travel to UK as an ambassador of Akbar Shah II for banning the practice of Sati; Sept 27,1833- Ram Mohan Roy died of meningitis and was buried in Bristol; 1830- Dharma Sabha, Calcutta established by Radhakanta Deb; 1831-32- Kol Rising in Chota Nagpur area1835 Calcutta Medical College1835-36 Governor General of India Sir Charles Metcalfe1836-42 Governor General of India Lord Auckland ; 1838- Times of India published; 1839-Tattwabodhini Sabha by Debendra Nath Tagore; 1841 - Debendranath Tagore(eldest son of Dwarka Nath Tagore) joined Brahmo Sabha1842-44 Governor General of India Lord Ellenborough1844-48 Governor General of India Lord Hardinge I; 1st Anglo Sikh War 1845-461848- 56 Governor General of India Lord Dalhousie; 2nd Anglo Sikh War 1848-49; Doctrine of Lapse1848; Satara annexation 1848; Punjab annexation 1849; Jaitpur & Sambalpur annexation 1849;Udaipur annexation 1852; Jhansi annexation 1853; Nagpur annexation 1854; Awadh annexation 1856; First Indian Railway from Bombay to Thane & first telegraph line from Calcutta to Agra 1853; 1853- Open Competition in Civil services; Wood's Despatch Act passed 1854; Widow remarriage Act 1856; Charter act of 1853- last charter act passed for East India Company- marks the beginning of a Parliamentary system in India1856-57 Governor General of India Lord Canning ( Continued as 1st Viceroy of India from 1858-62) ;Revolt of 1857 (Sepoy Mutiny); 3 Universities at Calcutta, Madras, Bombay-18571855-57 Santhal Revolt by Kanu & Sidhu in Raj Mahal Hills1857 29 March - Mangal Pandey fired at Hugeson and Baugh at Barrackpore; 10 May- mutiny ofsepoys at Meerut ; Keshab Chandra Sen joined Brahmo Samaj1858 17 June- Rani Lakshmi Bai died; Govt. of India Act 1858 (declared by Queen Victoria on 1stNovember- Control from Company to Crown- at Allahabad)1859 Tantia Tope was executed; Indigo Revolt in Bengal1860 Income Tax was introduced by Sir James Wilson ( British India's first finance minister)1861 Indian Councils Act 1861; Archaeological Survey of India founded by Alexander Cunningham1862 High Courts were established in Calcutta, Bombay and Madras1862-63 Viceroy of India Lord Elgin I1864-69 Viceroy of India Lord John Lawrence; 1865- Bhutan war; 1867- Prarthana Samaj founded byAtmaram Panduranga1869 October2-Gandhi was born at Porbandar- son of Karamchand and Putulbai- married to Kasturbain 1883- went to England to study law in 1888(returned in 1891)1869-72 Viceroy of India Lord Mayo ( only Viceroy to be murdered at Port Blair, 1872); 1870- PoonaSarvajanik Sabha; 1870- Indian Reform Association by Keshab Chandra Sen1872-76 Viceroy of India Lord Northbrook; 1874- Assam separated from Bengal; 1875- Arya Samajfounded in Bombay by Swami Dayanand Saraswati (born as Mool Shankar); 1875- Madame HP Blavatsky laid the foundation of Theosophical Society in US (Shifted to India at Adyar, Tamil Nadu in 1882); 1875- Aligarh School founded by Syed Ahmed Khan (1877 made into Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College)1876 Indian Association founded by SN Banerjee and Anand Mohan Bose1876-80 Viceroy of India Lord Lytton; 1876- The Dramatic Performances act; 1876- Royal Titles Act;1877- Grand Delhi Durbar to decorate Queen Victoria with title of Kaiser-i-Hind by Lytton; 1878-Vernacular Press Act; 1878- the Arms Act1880-84 Viceroy of India Lord Ripon; 1881 - 1st Factory Act; 1881- Census was undertaken; 1882-Education Commission-William Hunter; 1882- repealed Vernacular Press Act; 1882- Local Self Government Act; 1883- passed Ilbert Bill (enabled Indian district magistrates to try European criminals); 1883- Indian Famine Code prepared by Strachey Commission1884-88 Viceroy of India Lord Dufferin; 1885- Indian National Congress established(1st Session atBombay-W C Bonnerjee; 1885- Bengal Tenancy Act ; 1886- 2nd Session of INC at Calcutta- Dadabhai Naoroji; 1887- Indian National (Social) Conference by MG Ranade and Raghunath Rao1888-94 Viceroy of India Lord Lansdowne; Nov14,1889- Jawaharlal Nehru born in Allahabad;1891- 2nd Factory Act; Indian Councils Act of 1892; 1893- Parliament of the world's religions in Chicago- new name Vivekananda suggested by Ajit Singh (Vivekananda’s famous speech “Sisters and brothers of America.....”)1894-99 Viceroy of India Lord Elgin II; Great Famine of 1896-97 (Plague in Bombay); 1897- Lt. Ayerstwas killed by Chapekar brothers ( target was Mr Rand- president of the Plague Commission);1899- Munda Uprising; 1896/97- Ramkrishna Mission founded by Swami Vivekananda (Narendranath Dutta); 1895 - Vivekananda met Margaret Elizabeth Noble (Irish)- Sister Nivedita;Jan23,1897- Subhas Chandra Bose was born at Cuttack; 1896- Tilak no tax campaign

1899- 1905Viceroy of India Lord Curzon; 1899- Indian Coinage and Paper Currency Act; 1899- Mitra Mela at Pune by Savarkar brothers; 1902- Anushilan Samiti(I) at Calcutta by Pramath Nath Mitra;1903- 2nd Grand Delhi Durbar; 1903- Gandhi Started newspaper Indian opinion; 1904- Younghusband mission to Tibet by Curzon; 1904- Abhinav Bharat at Poona by VD Savarkar;

1904- Indian Universities Act; 1904- Ancient Monuments Preservation Act; 1905- Swadesh Bandhab Samiti at Barishal by Ashwini Kumar Dutta; 1905- Anushilan Samiti(II) at Dhaka by Pulin Behari Das; 12 June,1905- Servants of India Society founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in Pune; 16 October,1905- partition of Bengal; 1905- Swadeshi Movement in Bengal1905-10 Viceroy of India Lord Minto II; 1906- Muslim League by Aga Khan; 1906- 1st demand for Swaraj in December 1906 at Calcutta, INC under Dadabhai Naoroji; 1906- Abhinav Bharat in London by VD Savarkar; 1907- Indian Independence League in USA by Taraknath Das; 1907- Surat (Rash Behari Bose) session of INC- split into extremists and moderates; 1908- Indian Newspaper Act; 1909- Indian Councils Act of 1909- Morley Minto reforms-Enlarge the size of the legislative councils at both the central and provincial levels; 1907-Annie Besant elected as President of Theosophical Society; 22 Aug,1907- Madam Bhikaji Cama ( Parsi) unfurled the Indian flag at International Socialist Conference in Stuttgart,Germany; 1907- Bharat Mata society at Punjab by Ajit Singh & Amba Prasad; 1908- Alipur case- Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki bomb at Kingsford(unpopular judge of Muzaffarpur)- Aurobindo advocated; 1909- M L Dhingra shot William Curzon Wyllie in London1910-16 Viceroy of India Lord Hardinge; 12 December,1911- Partition of Bengal was cancelled; 1911-Capital transferred from Calcutta to Delhi & 3rd Grand Delhi Durbar ( coronation of King George V); 1911- Bihar and Orissa separated from Bengal; 1912- Rash Behari Bose, Basanta Biswas and Sachindra Nath Sanyal through bomb at Lord Hardinge age at Delhi; 1913- Ghadar Party founded in US by Lala Hardayal, Taraknath Das, Sohan Singh Bhakna-headquartered at San Francisco; 04 August,1914- First World War started (ended 1918); 1914- Indian Independence League in Berlin by Lala Hardayal and Birendra Nath Chattopadhyay; 1914- Komagata Maru incident- Japanese steamliner to bring Indian immigrants to Canada; 1915- provincial government of India at Kabul, Afghanistan by Raja Mahendra Pratap Singh- declared Jihad on the British; 09 January,1915- Gandhi came back to India from South Africa; 1915-Hindu Mahasabha by Madan Mohan Malviya & VD Savarkar; 1915- Gandhi was awarded Kaisar-i-Hind for his ambulance services in South Africa, by Lord Hardinge; 1916- Home Rule Movement ( BG Tilak at Pune in April & Annie Besant at Adyar in Sept)1916-21 Viceroy of India Lord Chelmsford; 1916- Lucknow Pact (INC & Muslim League); 1917-Champaran Satyagraha in Bihar; 1918- Kheda Satyagraha in Gujarat; March 1918- Ahmedabad mill Strike- Gandhi's first hunger strike; 1919-Government of India Act 1919 (Montagu-Chelmsford reforms)-Complete control in local bodies, Rowlatt/Black Act March 18,1919, Arrest of Dr Kitchlu and Dr Satyapal 10 Apr 1919, Jallianwala Bagh massacre by Brigadier General Reginald Dyer 1919 (13th April); 1919- British labour party favoured Home Rule; 19 Oct,1919- Khilafat committee was formed- Khilafat day; 1920- Khilafat movement by Mohd Ali and Shaukat Ali; 1920-Non cooperation Movement (resolution passed by congress in Calcutta session Sept 1920); 1920- Subhas Chandra Bose passed Civil Service; 1920- AITUC By Lala Lajpat Rai and Narayan Malhar Joshi1921 Khadi became uniform of National movement1921-26 Viceroy of India Lord Reading; Nov,1921- Prince of Wales visited India; Dec 1921- Congressdecided to launch a Civil Disobedience Movement at Allahabad session; 05 Feb,1922- Chauri Chaura ( near Gorakhpur, UP) incident; 11 Feb,1922- Gandhi withdrew Non Cooperation Movement (Bardoli resolution of INC); 10 March,1922- Gandhi was arrested and sentenced to 6 years imprisonment ( but was released in 1924 for ill health); 1921-Moplah rebellion in Kerala;1921- Akali Movement; 1921-Visva Bharati University founded; 1921- Communist Party founded by MN Roy; 1922- Congress divided into Pro-changers (Motilal Nehru, CR Das, NC Kelkar) and No-changers (Rajendra Prasad, C Rajagopalachari) in Gaya session (reunited after Lahore session in 1930); 1923- Swaraj Party established by Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das; 1924- Hindustan Republican Association ( Sachindra Nath Sanyal, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Narender Mohan Sen, Ram Prasad Bismil, Pratul Ganguli, Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, Shiv Verma, Sukhdev- in Kanpur); 1925- Self Respect Movement by Periyar or EV Ramaswamy Nayakar in Tamilnadu1926-31 Viceroy of India Lord Irwin; 1928- Hindustan Socialist Republican Association ( Chandra ShekharAzad, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar, Shiv Pharma- at Feroz Shah Kotla); 1928-Simon Commission visited India and complete hartal (Feb 3) was observed in Bombay (Formed in 1927) ; 1928- Nehru Report (Dominion status & no separate electorate); 1928- Bardoli movement by Vallabhbhai Patel against payment of land tax and got the name “Sardar”; 17 Dec,1928- Bhagat Singh and Shivaram Rajguru shot John Saunders ( assistant SP of Lahore); 08 Apr,1929- Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw two bombs in Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi- slogan “ Inquilab Zindabad” ( by Hasrat Mohani);1929- Indian National Congress passed Indian resolution ( Purna Swaraj in Lahore session, J Lal Nehru- on December 31,1929 newly adopted tricolour flag was unfurled and Jan 26,1930 fixed as First Independence day); 1929- Meerut conspiracy started; 1929- martyrdom of Jatin Das in Lahore jail (64days hunger strike); 1929(31 Oct)-Deepavali declaration by Irwin; 12 March,1930 to 6 April (24 days)-Dandi March-Salt Satyagraha; 1930- Civil Disobedience Movement; 1930- 1st Round table conference in England; 08Dec,1930- Binoy Basu, Badal Gupta, Dinesh Gupta attacked Writers Building Calcutta(Corridor war- Simpson); 1930- Surya Sen masterminded raid on Chittagong armoury (Attack on Pahartali European Club by Pritilata Waddedar in 1932); 05 March,1931- Gandhi Irwin/ Delhi Pact at Karachi session of INC & Civil Disobedience Movement withdrawn; 23 March,1931- Bhagat Singh Rajguru and Sukhdev were hanged at Lahore jail ( Lahore Conspiracy Case)1931-36 Viceroy of India Lord Willingdon; 1931- 2nd Round table conference (Gandhi as solerepresentative of INC, Sarojini Naidu, GD Birla- went to London to meet PM Ramsay MacDonald);1932-Congress working committee decided to Resume the Civil Disobedience Movement (again withdrawn in 1934); 16 Aug,1932- Communal Awards by Ramsay MacDonald (Muslim, Sikh and Christian already recognised as minorities and depressed classes entitled to separate electorate- Gandhi started fast unto death in Yeravada jail); 1932(24 Sept)- Poona Pact- b/w BR Ambedkar and MK Gandhi- Gandhi broke his fast on 6th day; 1932- 3rd Round table conference (BR Ambedkar attended all); 1933- Gandhiji started weekly Harijan; 1933 (1 Aug)- Gandhiji started Individual Civil Disobedience; 1933- Chaudhary Rehmat Ali gave the term Pakistan (Jinnah of Bombay give it practicality); 1934- Congress socialist party established; 1934- Gandhi announced resignation from INC; 1935- Government of India Act 1935-All India Federation which British India territories and princely states- introduction of dyarchy at the centre- replacement of variety in provinces by provincial autonomy- bicameral legislature in provinces;1937- Burma separated from India1936 All India Kisan Sabha1936-44 Viceroy of India Lord Linlithgow; 1937- Indian provincial election ( Congress Ministries formed in 8out of 11 provinces, except Bengal, Punjab and Sindh); October 1939- Congress Ministries resigned from office on the issue of World War II- Muslim League observed as Deliverance Day (22 Dec,1939); 1939- Subhash Chandra Bose founded Forward Bloc; 1939- Tripuri INC- SC Bose 2nd time President(1st in Haripura in 1938); 1939-45 World War II; 8 August,1940- August Offer by viceroy; 1940- Muslim League first passed the proposal of separate Pakistan in Lahore session; 1940- Winston Churchill became British PM; 1940-41- Individual Satyagraha (1stAcharya Vinoba Bhave, 2nd Jawaharlal Nehru, 3rd Brahma Dutt); 1941- Subhash Chandra Bose escape to Berlin; 1942- Cripps Mission (called as “A Post dated Cheque” by Gandhi); 1942- Independent Labour Party founded by BR Ambedkar; 08 August,1942- Quit India Movement resolution passed by Congress; 1942- Indian Independence League in Tokyo by Rash Behari Bose, & Indian National Army in Tokyo; 1943- INA was reorganised by SC Bose in Singapore;Dec,1943- Muslim League adopted slogan “divide and quit”1944-47 Viceroy of India Lord Wavell; 1944- C Rajagopalachari (CR) formula; 1945-47- Wavell/ BreakDown Plan; June 1945- Shimla Conference with INC & Muslim League (Failed); Aug18,1945- Chandra Bose died in plane crash; Nov12,1945- INA Day; Feb18,1946- Naval Mutiny (1st HMIS Talwar in Bombay & Next day HMIS Hindustan in Karachi)- B C Dutta wrote “ British Quit India” on wall & got arrested; 16 May,1946- Cabinet Mission Plan (Pethick Lawrence, Stafford Cripps and AV Alexander); Aug16,1946- Direct Action Day/ Black Day/Great Calcutta Killingsby Muslim League ( Suhrawardy as CM); 9 Dec,1946- first meeting of the Constituent Assembly; 1946-47- Tebhaga movement in Bengal by Kisan Sabha( peasant front of CPI); Feb20,1947- Clement Attlee announced that British would leave India by June 1948

Mar 1947- Aug 1947Last viceroy of British India and the First Governor General of free India Lord Mountbatten; Mountbatten Plan/June Third(3rd) Plan- partition of India (w.e.f Aug15,1947) got decided, received Royal assent on July 18,1947(Independence Act) ; 4 July,1947- Indian Independence Act passed by British Parliament; After 15 Aug, 1947 office of the viceroy abolished; Mountbatten retired in June 1948

1948-50 First and the last Indian Governor General of free India C Rajagopalachari; 26 Jan,1950-office of the Governor General of India abolished; 1948- Hind Mazdoor Sangh founded by G L Nanda1955 Hindu Marriage Act Passed1962 Indo China war1974 Total revolution in Bihar by JP Narayan ( Lok Nayak)